Bibliographic information
GuidelineConsolidated guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage
Year of Publication2025
Issuing InstitutionWorld Health Organization
Recommendation
New
For women in the second stage of labour, techniques to reduce perineal trauma and facilitate spontaneous birth (including perineal massage, warm compresses and a hands-on guarding of the perineum) are recommended, based on a woman’s preferences and available options
Recommended
Notes and Remarks
- Health workers will need to respect the preferences and choices of the woman in labour and tailor these techniques accordingly. Health workers will also need to provide clear and compassionate communication to ensure women are supported and informed about the available techniques and what they entail. Perineal techniques should be performed gently and always with the woman’s consent, which ideally should be obtained before or in early labour.
- Warm compresses should be used with a temperature that is comfortable to the woman.
- Regular simulation-based training and education can enhance skills and improve outcomes for both mother and baby